How to create a website in Python - Python Flask tutorial - First basic website

Python is a very popular language right now. Many big companies are using it. Python is used in most of the fields. You can create softwares, basic games as well as websites in Python. In web development, Python's libraries are considered very good for making backends. Even companies like Netflix use Python in their backend.

Basically, there are two main Python libraries, with which you can learn wen development and create a backend for your site. First is Flask, the other is Django. Flask is a little simple.

Here I will show how you can make your first Python website with Flask...

Process

• Install the Flask library, by running the command pip install flask in your terminal.
• Then you are ready for making your first Flask App
• To get your first app, Create a new file and paste the below code. This is the basic structure of a Flask application.

The Code

Congratulations, you have made your first Flask app.

Now open the terminal and run the command flask run

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        # Main Window
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
        self.showMaximized()

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QApplication.setApplicationName("Browser")
window = MainWindow()
app.exec_()

The Code

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilename
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageFilter, ImageEnhance, ImageOps
import os

# main window
root = Tk()
root.title("PhotoEditor")
root.geometry("640x450")

# color code
color = {
    "background": "#009973",
    "canvas": "#00b386",
}

# functions
def selected():
    global img_path, img
    img_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir=os.getcwd()) 
    img = Image.open(img_path)
    img.thumbnail((350, 350))
    img1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
    canvas2.create_image(300, 210, image=img1)
    canvas2.image=img1
    ui_controls()
    root.geometry("640x650")
    selectbtn.place(x=100, y=595)
    savebtn.place(x=280, y=595)
    exitbtn.place(x=460, y=595)


def blur(event):
    global img_path, img1, imgg
    for m in range(0, v1.get()+1):
            img = Image.open(img_path)
            img.thumbnail((350, 350))
            imgg = img.filter(ImageFilter.BoxBlur(m))
            img1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(imgg) 
            canvas2.create_image(300, 210, image=img1)
            canvas2.image=img1


def brightness(event):
    global img_path, img2, img3
    for m in range(0, v2.get()+1):
            img = Image.open(img_path)
            img.thumbnail((350, 350))
            imgg = ImageEnhance.Brightness(img)
            img2 = imgg.enhance(m)
            img3 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2)
            canvas2.create_image(300, 210, image=img3)
            canvas2.image=img3


def contrast(event):
    global img_path, img4, img5
    for m in range(0, v3.get()+1):
            img = Image.open(img_path)
            img.thumbnail((350, 350))
            imgg = ImageEnhance.Contrast(img)
            img4 = imgg.enhance(m)
            img5 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img4)
            canvas2.create_image(300, 210, image=img5)
            canvas2.image=img5

# All ui
select = False
img1 = None
canvas2 = Canvas(root, width="600", height="420", relief=RIDGE, bg=color["canvas"], bd=0)
canvas2.config(highlightbackground=color["background"])
canvas2.place(x=15, y=15)

v1 = IntVar()
v2 = IntVar()
v3 = IntVar()

style = ttk.Style()
style.configure("TScale", background=color["background"])

def ui_controls():
    blurr = Label(root, text="Blur:", font=("ariel 17 bold"), width=9, anchor='e')
    blurr.configure(bg=color["background"])
    blurr.place(x=170, y=455)
    blur_scale = ttk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=10, variable=v1, orient=HORIZONTAL, style="TScale", command=blur)
    blur_scale.place(x=305, y=460)

    bright = Label(root, text="Brightness:", font=("ariel 17 bold"))
    bright.configure(bg=color["background"])
    bright.place(x=163, y=495)
    bright_scale = ttk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=10, variable=v2, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=brightness)
    bright_scale.place(x=305, y=500)

    contrast = Label(root, text="Contrast:", font=("ariel 17 bold"))
    contrast.configure(bg=color["background"])
    contrast.place(x=190, y=535)
    contrast_scale = ttk.Scale(root, from_=0, to=10, variable=v3, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=contrast) 
    contrast_scale.place(x=305, y=540)

selectbtn = Button(root, text="Select Image", bg="royalblue", fg="white", font=("ariel 15 bold"), relief=GROOVE, command=selected)
selectbtn.place(x=100, y=395)

savebtn = Button(root, text="Save", width=12, bg='royalblue', fg='white', font=('ariel 15 bold'), relief=GROOVE)
savebtn.place(x=280, y=395)

exitbtn = Button(root, text="Exit", width=12, bg='red', fg='white', font=('ariel 15 bold'), relief=GROOVE, command=root.destroy)
exitbtn.place(x=460, y=395)


# menu bar
my_menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=my_menu)
root.configure(bg=color["background"])

#file menu
file_menu = Menu(my_menu, tearoff=False)
file_menu.add_command(label="New")
file_menu.add_command(label="Save as")
file_menu.add_command(label="Save")
file_menu.add_command(label="Open", command=selected)
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
my_menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)

# __main__
root.mainloop()

First you need to install Python for this. ALso, make sure the the path is added to the path vatiables. Then open the Windows terminal, cmd and type pip and press enter. If it shows an error then that means, python is not added to path. If it works, then follow the below steps to install and setup pyqt5.

PyQt5 Installation Setup

$ pip install pyqt5

PyQt5 Tools Setup

$ pip install pyqt5-tools

Qt Designer path

C:\Users\$Username$\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages\qt5_applications\Qt\bin

When you are working with PyQt5, you are using the default OS style of application. The design looks very simple for apps. So, if you are making a cutom app, you will cuystomise the top bar in few cases to have a better design. So, when you are customising the design, you will see that the window has no longer been movable. Thus, you need to write the logic to make the window movable again.
The default Window app style looks like this

The code for doing this is given below...

PyQt5 draggable window Code

.ui to .py file conversion

$ pyuic5 xyz.ui -o xyz.py

PyQt5 draggable window Code

class movable(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(movable, self).__init__()
    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        if event.button() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
            self.dragPosition = event.globalPos() - self.frameGeometry().topLeft()
            event.accept()
    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
        if event.buttons() == QtCore.Qt.LeftButton:
            self.move(event.globalPos() - self.dragPosition)
            event.accept()

class mainWindow(movable, Ui_Form):
    def __init__(self):

So, I think that's it for this post. See you in the next...

PyQt5 Basic code

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        # Main Window
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
        self.showMaximized()

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QApplication.setApplicationName("Browser")
window = MainWindow()
app.exec_()

PyQt5 Browser code using QtWebEngine

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import *

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        # Main Window
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__()
        self.browser = QWebEngineView()
        self.browser.setUrl(QUrl('https://google.com'))
        self.setCentralWidget(self.browser)
        self.showMaximized()

        # nav bar
        navBar = QToolBar()
        self.addToolBar(navBar)

        backBtn = QAction("Back", self)     # back Button
        backBtn.triggered.connect(self.browser.back)
        navBar.addAction(backBtn)

        forwardBtn = QAction("Forward", self)   # forward Button
        forwardBtn.triggered.connect(self.browser.forward)
        navBar.addAction(forwardBtn)

        relBtn = QAction("Reload", self)    # Reload Button
        relBtn.triggered.connect(self.browser.reload)
        navBar.addAction(relBtn)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QApplication.setApplicationName("Browser")
window = MainWindow()
app.exec_()